矩形喷管外尾焰红外辐射特性的数值计算

为了掌握矩形喷管外尾焰的红外辐射光谱特性和强度分布,建立了矩形喷管的几何模型,采用Fluent6. 3 软件对矩形喷管外三维流场进行数值模拟,得到尾焰流场的温度、压强和密度等数据,并根据尾焰的特点确立红外辐射核心计算区域。采用洛伦兹线型的统计窄带模型,求出尾焰在某一窄带的平均吸收系数;采用有限体积法求解了气体介质中辐射传输方程;计算得到了矩形喷管外尾焰的红外辐射光谱特性与在3 ~5 滋m 波段的总强度分布。结果表明:矩形喷管外尾焰为扁平状,其宽边对称面内的红外辐射强度大于窄边对称面内的红外辐射强度,并且尾焰辐射在2. 7 滋m 和4. 3 滋m 处出现了2 个辐射峰。     

常见炸药分子的溶剂化效应

用密度泛函理论（ DFT）和极化连续介质模型（ PCM）研究了7种溶剂对22种常见炸药分子的特征键键长、硝基电荷、偶极矩、溶剂化能及键离解能的影响。结果表明,溶剂能极化炸药分子,改变其电子结构,影响其几何结构和能量。对介电常数为0～10．36的溶剂,随溶剂极性增大,炸药分子的特征键长及溶剂化能减少,而硝基负电荷及偶极矩增加。     

箔条假目标干扰极化识别与抑制技术

箔条干扰是影响雷达命中精度的重要因素,但常规抗箔条假目标干扰方法不适用于对海跟踪雷达使用。鉴于箔条假目标干扰和舰船目标有明显不同的去极化特性,对箔条假目标干扰的极化识别与抑制技术进行了研究,定义极化比为干扰鉴别量,分析并优化设计了箔条假目标干扰极化识别与抑制方案,为研究高性能的对海跟踪雷达提供了新思路。     

Adsorption‐concentration polarization model for ultrafiltration in mixed matrix membrane

Adsorption has been found to be significant in ultrafiltration by mixed matrix membrane. Removal of very low molecular weight solutes compared to the molecular weight cut off of the membrane is facilitated by adsorption. The modeling of the adsorption coupled with concentration polarization is presented based on the mathematical approach developed by Gekas et al. (Gekas et al. Chem Eng Sci. 1993;48:2753–2765), from the first principles. However, extensive modifications were included in theoretical development including those suggested by Ruiz‐Bevia et al. (Ruiz‐Bevia et al. Chem Eng Sci. 1997;52:2343–2352). The developed model captured the rejection dynamics with the help of retention factor. The model equations were solved under the framework of boundary layer analysis, using the integral approach. Effects of the adsorption isotherm and the different parameters affecting the system performance were also investigated. Further, experimental validation of the model results with two different mixed matrix ultrafiltration studies was also elucidated. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2354–2364, 2014     

外加压应力对Ti-35421合金钝化膜损伤修复影响的原位电化学研究

以Ti-35421(Ti-3Al-5Mo-4Cr-2Zr-1Fe)合金为研究对象,采用自制的钝化膜损伤修复原位电化学测试装置研究了模拟深海静水压力对Ti-35421合金经过Al₂O₃陶瓷刀划伤后钝化膜破裂损伤和自修复的原位电化学行为。Ti-35421合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的钝化平台为-0.27～0.01 V。在-0.13 V钝化电压条件下极化并进行划痕实验,无压应力作用时破损钝化膜发生快速修复。压应力增大导致原子间结合力降低,金属溶解速度增加,再钝化减缓,在原位电化学上表现为电流上升,电流回复时间增长,自修复能力减弱。再钝化过程中的暂态阶段钝化膜生长符合线性高场模型。观察划痕形貌发现压应力下划痕槽中出现微裂纹,说明较高压应力损伤作用下在划痕槽近表面产生应力集中,对合金产生的伤害部分不可修复。钝化膜破损加剧和自修复能力减弱是残余应力与环境腐蚀共同作用的结果。     

NBH-2.7自然循环电解槽改膜极距相关工艺

新疆中泰化学股份有限公司氯碱厂第1期1#、2#装置的改造证明：膜极距电解槽改造可以降低电耗,是一种工期短、回收成本快的节能技术.对北化机NBH-2.7自然循环槽改膜极距后,在极化电流、气相压力、控制槽温工艺等方面进行了优化控制及改进,延长了膜的使用寿命,达到节能和降低生产成本的目的.     

模拟古代铸铁在典型碱液中的电化学行为

通过动电位极化曲线法,在几种含不同氯离子浓度的典型碱性水溶液中研究了模拟古代灰口铸铁、白口铸铁的电化学行为。结果表明,在不同碱性溶液中同种铸铁试样对氯离子浓度的钝化/活化敏感性不同;不同材质的铸铁试样在相同溶液中对氯离子的敏感性也不相同。并且,对于同种溶质的碱性溶液,铸铁对氯离子的敏感性则随着溶液的pH值增加而降低。这一结果将为铁质文物脱盐除氯的终点判定提供重要的依据。     

Anodic process of stibnite in slurry electrolysis:The direct collision oxidation

Mineral oxidation leaching in the anode area is the key step in slurry electrolysis.By adopting the slow linear potential scanning method during slurry electrolysis,this study investigated the steady-state polarization curve of a pure stibnite mineral on a graphite anode.In addition,the influence of the mineral particle size,liquid-solid ratio,stirring speed,and temperature on the collision oxidation of the mineral with the anode was studied.Based on the different oxidation reactions,the potential range can be divided into three intervals:the low-potential interval with a potential lower than 0.75 V,an intermediate-potential interval with a potential within 0.75-1.2 V,and a high-potential interval with a potential higher than 1.2 V.The collision oxidation of the mineral with the anode occurred in all three intervals.The oxi-dation of Sb(Ⅲ) also appeared in the intermediate-and high-potential intervals,and chlorine evolution occurred in the high-potential interval.Therefore,the low-potential interval was determined to be a suit-able potential interval for the slurry electrolysis process.In the low-potential interval,the particle size,liquid-solid ratio,and stirring speed had little effect on the oxidation rate of the minerals.As the temper-ature increased,the stibnite oxidation rate and exchange current density increased.Overall,the direct collision oxidation rate of stibnite was relatively low and the current densities under all the investigated conditions were lower than 0.4 mA.cm-2.This indicates that it is difficult to realize industrial production while relying solely on this process.     

氯氧镁钢筋混凝土中涂层钢筋腐蚀的电化学特性

通过Z350电化学工作站,研究了氯氧镁钢筋混凝土中裸露钢筋和涂层钢筋在不同环境中的开路电位、极化电阻及腐蚀电流密度,并且利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对腐蚀产物进行分析.结果表明:锌美特(XMT)涂层在不同环境中可以很好地保护钢筋免受腐蚀,氯氧镁钢筋混凝土中涂层钢筋在水、氯盐溶液和硫酸盐溶液中的腐蚀电流密度是裸露钢筋的1/35,1/43和1/19;氯氧镁钢筋混凝土中裸露钢筋表面存在疏松多孔的层状和块状腐蚀产物,而涂层钢筋表面只存在点蚀.由此可见,XMT涂层对氯氧镁混凝土中的钢筋有一定的防腐效果.     

水热溶液pH值对AZ91D镁合金表面珍珠质涂层性能的影响

目的研究水热溶液pH值对AZ91D合金基体上珍珠质涂层的成分、形貌、抗腐蚀能力以及细胞相容性的影响。方法使用不同pH条件下(5.8、7、8.8、11.8)的水热反应溶液,在AZ91D基体上水热合成珍珠质涂层。利用XRD、XPS和SEM分析涂层的化学成分以及微观形貌。用电化学测量系统评估材料在模拟体液(Simulated Body Fluid,SBF)中的开路电位和极化曲线。通过细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8法)和拍摄细胞荧光照片,来检测珍珠质涂层的细胞相容性。结果珍珠质涂层的成分和形貌会随着水热反应溶液pH值的不同而发生明显的变化。电化学腐蚀试验证实,与空白对照试样相比,沉积有珍珠质涂层的样品的OCP值较高,其Jcorr值也减少了近10倍,Ecorr值向正电位方向移动。此外,弱碱性条件下所沉积涂层的耐蚀性最优,其Ecorr(vs.SCE)值提高了0.16V,Jcorr值降低了8.16?10–5A/cm2。细胞相容性测试结果表明,珍珠质涂层不具有毒性,珍珠粉原材料为涂层提供的大量骨生长因子,能够促进成骨细胞的增殖。结论采用水热反应法,成功地在AZ91D合金基体上制得珍珠质涂层,该涂层可以有效地改善镁合金在人体中的耐蚀性和生物相容性。